最近测试环境的一台虚拟机CentOS 7.5根目录快满，昨晚做了扩容操作，顺便把过程记录下来。
根目录本来还剩不到3G快满了，删掉一些备份后，根目录还有19G，计划加多100G到根目录上，先关闭这个虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 32G 19G 63% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-home 47G 40M 47G 1% /home /dev/sda1 1014M 170M 845M 17% /boot tmpfs 379M 8.0K 379M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
关机之后，如果之前已创建快照需要删除，再进入虚拟机的属性-硬盘
扩容根目录的姿势有两个
姿势1：扩展原有硬盘的容量，点击扩展，由原来的100G改成200G(本文姿势)
姿势2：加入新硬盘，添加个新的100G硬盘
开机，命令看到sda已经由原来的100G变成了200G(差不多就好了，以下输出是214.7G)；如果是姿势2会看到有/dev/sdb
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000282bb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 209715199 103808000 8e Linux LVM …
接下来对扩容在sda上的100G使用fdisk命令进行分区，留意#号后面的文字说明
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p #查看已分区数量(以下输出看到已有sda1和sda2两个分区)
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000282bb
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 209715199 103808000 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): n #新增加一个分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #分区类型选择主分区
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 #回车，因为1和2的分区号已用，所以输入3
First sector (209715200-419430399, default 209715200): #默认开始扇区，回车
Using default value 209715200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (209715200-419430399, default 419430399): #默认结束扇区，回车
Using default value 419430399
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t #修改分区类型
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3 #分区号为3，也就是刚刚扩容的分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e #修改为LVM，代号就是8e，如果不清楚这里可以输入L可以看全部的代号
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w #写入分区表保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.刷新分区表，否则需要重启才能识别新的分区表
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
查看创建好的sda3
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000282bb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 209715199 103808000 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 209715200 419430399 104857600 8e Linux LVM …
格式化sda3分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda3 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 6553600 inodes, 26214400 blocks 1310720 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 800 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@localhost ~]#
把上述创建好的LVM(sda3分区)添加进已有的LVM组，使用lvm命令扩容卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvm lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3 #初始化sda3分区 WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sda3. Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created. lvm> vgdisplay #查看虚拟卷组的名字为centos --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <99.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 25343 Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB VG UUID 7Gxc3r-hIBZ-ImPd-R3Uk-k7sn-grlz-RLUSo5 lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sda3 #将初始化后的sda3分区加入虚拟卷组centos Volume group "centos" successfully extended lvm> vgdisplay #查看Free PE号为25600 --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 198.99 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 50942 Alloc PE / Size 25342 / 98.99 GiB Free PE / Size 25600 / 100.00 GiB VG UUID 7Gxc3r-hIBZ-ImPd-R3Uk-k7sn-grlz-RLUSo5 lvm> lvextend -l+25600 /dev/mapper/centos-root #扩展已有卷的容量 Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 50.00 GiB (12800 extents) to 150.00 GiB (38400 extents). Logical volume centos/root successfully resized. lvm> exit Exiting.
最后扩容文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3276800 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=13107200, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=6400, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 13107200 to 39321600
再看下根目录，已扩容成功
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 150G 32G 119G 21% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 12M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-home 47G 40M 47G 1% /home /dev/sda1 1014M 170M 845M 17% /boot tmpfs 379M 12K 379M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0 [root@localhost ~]#
注意：上文主要是介绍姿势1扩容原有硬盘，如果是姿势2新加硬盘可参考下列亲测RHEL7.7的姿势不再啰嗦，主要留意新加的硬盘号为sdb，新的分区号默认为sdb1即可。
亲测ESXi和Workstations，理论上Fusion也通用。
Fyi RHEL7.7的home目录由150G扩容到250G
root@192.168.2.30's password:
Last login: Fri Apr 10 14:09:07 2020 from 192.168.2.86
-bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 12G 9.7M 12G 1% /run
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 5.7G 45G 12% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 146G 42G 104G 29% /home
tmpfs 2.4G 4.0K 2.4G 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 2.4G 8.0K 2.4G 1% /run/user/42
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005d2d3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-home: 155.8 GB, 155818393600 bytes, 304332800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005d2d3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-home: 155.8 GB, 155818393600 bytes, 304332800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@rhelhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcff24543.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcff24543
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@rhelhost ~]# partprobe
[root@rhelhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 12G 11M 12G 1% /run
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 5.7G 45G 12% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 146G 42G 104G 29% /home
tmpfs 2.4G 24K 2.4G 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 2.4G 8.0K 2.4G 1% /run/user/42
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcff24543
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005d2d3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/rhel-home: 155.8 GB, 155818393600 bytes, 304332800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name rhel
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <199.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 50943
Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID kdRgg5-6PAG-2CGa-NmFL-hs5f-JlmK-pAUtbm
lvm> vgextend rhel /dev/sdb1
Volume group "rhel" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name rhel
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 298.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 76542
Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB
Free PE / Size 25600 / 100.00 GiB
VG UUID kdRgg5-6PAG-2CGa-NmFL-hs5f-JlmK-pAUtbm
lvm> lvextend -l+25600 /dev/mapper/rhel-home
Size of logical volume rhel/home changed from <145.12 GiB (37150 extents) to <245.12 GiB (62750 extents).
Logical volume rhel/home successfully resized.
lvm> exit
Exiting.
[root@rhelhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rhel-home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=9510400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=38041600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=18575, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 38041600 to 64256000
[root@rhelhost ~]#
[root@rhelhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 12G 11M 12G 1% /run
tmpfs 12G 0 12G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 5.7G 45G 12% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 169M 846M 17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 246G 42G 204G 17% /home
tmpfs 2.4G 28K 2.4G 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 2.4G 12K 2.4G 1% /run/user/42
[root@rhelhost ~]#